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Abstract

The traditional and ritual beliefs of the Kanaka Maoli are intimately connected to Hawaiian identity and the relationship between the person and the universe. Therefore any examination of these, by extension, is an examination of the Kanaka Maoli way of life. This essay examines pre-haole Hawaiian culture, the diminishing of women’s presence and authority during the missionary period through annexation, and the recent women activist voices that have emerged as part of the sovereignty discourse.

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